2 Samuel 19:5

Authorized King James Version

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And Joab came into the house to the king, and said, Thou hast shamed this day the faces of all thy servants, which this day have saved thy life, and the lives of thy sons and of thy daughters, and the lives of thy wives, and the lives of thy concubines;

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֥א came H935
וַיָּבֹ֥א came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 24
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
יוֹאָ֛ב And Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֛ב And Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 2 of 24
joab, the name of three israelites
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ to the king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ to the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 4 of 24
a king
הַבָּ֑יִת into the house H1004
הַבָּ֑יִת into the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 5 of 24
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ and said H559
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 6 of 24
to say (used with great latitude)
הֹבַ֨שְׁתָּ Thou hast shamed H3001
הֹבַ֨שְׁתָּ Thou hast shamed
Strong's: H3001
Word #: 7 of 24
to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)
הַיּ֔וֹם this day H3117
הַיּ֔וֹם this day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 8 of 24
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
פְּנֵ֣י the faces H6440
פְּנֵ֣י the faces
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 10 of 24
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
כָל H3605
כָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ of all thy servants H5650
עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ of all thy servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 12 of 24
a servant
הַֽמְמַלְּטִ֤ים have saved H4422
הַֽמְמַלְּטִ֤ים have saved
Strong's: H4422
Word #: 13 of 24
properly, to be smooth, i.e., (by implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively, to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth youn
אֶֽת H853
אֶֽת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 14 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives H5315
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 15 of 24
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
הַיּ֔וֹם this day H3117
הַיּ֔וֹם this day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 16 of 24
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
וְאֵ֨ת H853
וְאֵ֨ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 17 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives H5315
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 18 of 24
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ of thy sons H1121
בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ of thy sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 19 of 24
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ and of thy daughters H1323
וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ and of thy daughters
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 20 of 24
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives H5315
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 21 of 24
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
נָשֶׁ֔יךָ of thy wives H802
נָשֶׁ֔יךָ of thy wives
Strong's: H802
Word #: 22 of 24
a woman
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives H5315
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ and the lives
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 23 of 24
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
פִּֽלַגְשֶֽׁיךָ׃ of thy concubines H6370
פִּֽלַגְשֶֽׁיךָ׃ of thy concubines
Strong's: H6370
Word #: 24 of 24
a concubine; also (masculine) a paramour

Analysis & Commentary

And Joab came into the house to the king, and said, Thou hast shamed this day the faces of all thy servants, which this day have saved thy life, and the lives of thy sons and of thy daughters, and the lives of thy wives, and the lives of thy concubines;

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Return, emphasizing restoration, leadership wisdom. David's return to Jerusalem requires political wisdom as he navigates competing factions. His restoration of enemies (Shimei) and reward of supporters demonstrates leadership discernment. Theological themes include wise leadership during restoration, the complexity of post-crisis reconciliation, balancing justice and mercy, and the necessity of moving forward despite ongoing tensions.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 19 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding restoration, leadership wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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